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:: PC Perspective . Processor
Intel Previews Tera-scale Technologies for Upcoming ProductsProcessor - Feb 04, 2010 | 01:00 AM We have been talking about tera-scale technologies since 2006 when it comes to Intel research programs. The name is perhaps more grandiose than the actual idea: as data sets increase in size the need for computing technologies to handle this amount of data will need to be created. It is no secret that the CPU as it exists today simply can't handle the massive amounts of parallel information that will soon become normal operating procedure. 
AMD’s January Budget Refresh: 5 New Processors from $74 and UpProcessor - Jan 26, 2010 | 03:00 PM While AMD is certainly behind Intel when it comes to the high end of the market, as well as introducing 32 nm processors, they do have a very strong position and following in the sub-$200 processor market. AMD has released five new processors from $74 to $179, which they hope will help solidify their offerings in the face of Intel's i3 and i5 processors. 
Intel Core i5-661 Clarkdale Processor Review - Westmere debutsProcessor - Jan 03, 2010 | 12:00 AM Intel is bringing the Nehalem architecture to an even lower price point with their first 32nm architecture known as Westmere. Part of a huge processor and product release today the Clarkdale processors are based around Core i5 and Core i3 brands and integrate graphics on the CPU for the first time in a mainstream desktop platform.
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: InsideHW | Subject: Processor
For just under $100, a triple core CPU doing 3GHz is a veritable steal but that is exactly what the Athlon II X3 440 is. When you consider that with a bit of luck you will end up with a model that has both a disabled L3 cache and a disabled fourth core, the bargain gets even better. The particular CPU that InsideHW received unfortunately did not have either, but as a consolation the CPU did hit 3.6GHz when overclocked. AMD's new Athlon II may lack the power of the Intel Core series, but they also lack the high entry price as well.
"Although last fall was in the sign of AMD processors by presentation of a new generation Athlon processors, first X4 and then the triplecores, AMD is not sitting idly by so we got the latest and fastest member of Athlon II X3 family, model 440…" Here are some more Processor articles from around the web:
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
In a phone briefing today held by Intel to preempt the upcoming ISSCC conference (http://www.isscc.org/isscc/index.htm) details were released about the Westmere 6-core product otherwise known as Gulftown. This processor, that will fit into existing LGA1366 processor sockets on current X58 consumer motherboards, will likely be released in the next 60 days or so but we are finally getting more details and information about what to expect.
Because the Gulftown CPU is built on Intel's 32nm process technology, consumers will be getting a 50% increase in core count and a 50% increase in cache for the same power envelope as current 45nm LGA1366 processors. Based on the Westmere architecture, Gulftown will once again re-integrate the triple-channel memory controller on-die; a change from the first Westmere parts that were released that were dual-core and moved a dual-channel memory controller to a second on-package chip coupled with integrated graphics. (See our Clarkdale CPU coverage here.) And just to clarify - Gulftown will not have integrated graphics on it. 
The processor will have 12MB of L3 cache and include HyperThreading and Turbo Boost technology. The die is 240mm^2 and consists of 1.17 billion transistors. 
Gulftown will be released both as a consumer part as well as a Nehalem EP processor for servers and workstations. This of course means a return to the world of Intel QuickPath Technology (QPI) as DMI will be limited to the mainstream processors of Lynnfield and Clarkdale. Another interesting change on the Westmere-based processors is that Intel has added support for low-voltage DDR3 memory that will run with little as 1.35 volts compared to the 1.5 volts the controller is at today. Intel also confirmed that there will be quad-core variants of the Westmere architecture coming soon but no other details on inclusion of graphics, etc, were divulged.
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: iXBT Labs | Subject: Processor
The days of the ridiculously easy to overclock Celerons may have passed but the Celeron line does live on. Take the Intel Celeron E3300 for instance, at $66 it is not expensive and it runs at a decent 2.5GHz on an 800MHz FSB but iXBT Labs gave it a bump to a 1066MHz FSB for an overclocked speed of 3.33GHz. You miss out on a lot of new features and the performance suffers for it, but if you know what to expect it is a handy start to a very inexpensive PC.
"There are two angles to comment the performance of the Celeron from. On the one hand, we can see it's not that bad. It's the level of dual-core Athlon X2, not the lowest-end at that. However, from the other point of view, you can get much more in the low-end segment for a similar price." Here are some more Processor articles from around the web:
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: PCStats | Subject: Processor
When Josh looked at AMDs new CPUs, he emphasized
the value they offer. They aren't the fastest, but new silicon that is under $100 is great news. PC Stats took a different take, examining the highest end of the new releases, namely the AMD Phenom II X2 555 Black Edition. It is the fastest going @ 3.2GHz and since it is a Black Edition CPU you can expect that the unlocked multiplier is going to be used. Drop by and see how it did in their testbed.
"AMD is kicking off 2010 by introducing new low-power versions of some its most popular processors and bumping up the speed of a select few Phenom II and Athlon II CPUs. Today PCSTATS is looking at the 3.2GHz AMD Phenom II X2 555 Black Edition processor, which amongst other things has the distinction of being AMD's fastest socket AM3 dual-core processor ever." Here are some more Processor articles from around the web:
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
Yesterday I theorized that Apple would be using its first in-house computing architecture for the just announced Apple iPad (tablet device) after learning that Apple was definitely NOT using the NVIDIA Tegra technology. Well that did in fact come to pass:
Image from gdgt.com What do we know about the processor other than it runs at 1.0 GHz and is based on the proprietary technology Apple purchased with PA Semiconductor in April of 2008? Not much. PA Semi was previously known for its own design of CPU called the PWRficient processor and while we don't know how much of that was worked into the Apple A4, we have to assume a lot. It would seem unlikely that in a time span as short as a year and half Apple's new team would have been able to make a completely custom design; though anything is possible.
A lot of rumors are circulating, including one from the guys at iFixIt.com, saying that the A4 is a new ARM-based design, but I haven't heard anything to corroborate this. (UPDATE: iFixIt.com sent me to this link which seems to indicate that PA Semi was a "secret" licensee of the ARM processing technology. If this is the case, how different can the A4 be than other ARM-based designs?) In my research, PA Semi wasn't know for utilizing ARM designs at all. They also were able to spy a shot of the chip: 
Image from iFixIt.com - Processor markings: 1SB009A 0940; H8M8T00V0MTR-OEM; VTJK00782 There isn't much else we can learn from the chip or the design from this picture other than the one used for this photo was manufactured in September of 2009. We'll be sure to let our readers know as more information is revealed!
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
Intel has posted a video on its YouTube channel that attempts to demonstrate the advantages of the multi-threading improvements in Windows 7 compared against Windows Vista. If you remember with the launch of Nehalem some time ago, Intel re-introduced HyperThreading to double the number of concurrent threads that could be run on a processor with X number of cores. Intel also claimed to have worked diligently with Microsoft to fix issues with the Windows operating system so that it took better advantage of HyperThreading as opposed to multi-core processing - the differences of which are fairly important from a programming and CPU resource management perspective.
A demo that Intel showed recently used a version of Intel's "Smoke" multi-threaded gaming and physics engine and a real-time simulation of horses to put in perspective how these changes made in Windows 7 could affect gaming. Since the engine attempts to maintain a fixed frame rate (rather than a fixed horse / AI count), the number of horses will vary depending on the performance of the overall system. Intel claims that with Windows 7 the system sees anywhere from 10-20% more "horses on the screen" - which is going to become my new favorite performance metric. One caveat I'll note though - when watching the screen it looks like the Windows 7 system actually has some hard stutters going on - so while there might be more horses, would the theoretical gaming experience be any better?
Feel free to discuss in our forums!!
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: AnandTech | Subject: Processor
Today we are seeing the first new CPUs from AMD for 2010, ranging from the $169 Phenom II X4 910e @ 2.6GHz to the $74 AMD Athlon II X2 255 @ 3.1GHz. Only the Phenom IIs sport L3 cache, one of the reasons that the Athlon II is less expensive is that lack, the other being the 95W TDP on all but the dual core model. AnandTech also speculates on what we know of the 6 core models we should see rather soon, whose TDP shoots up to 125W! The tests show that these new CPUs really don't bring anything new in, but considering 3 of the 5 processors are under $100 there is still a reason to be excited.
"AMD is looking a lot more competitive in 2010 than I expected just a few months ago. Intel finally unveiled Clarkdale and thanks to the high cost of Core i5 ownership AMD hasn't really been threatened. The Core i3 530 is the biggest threat, but it only competes with one member of AMD's lineup at $113. Thanks to continued improvements in Global Foundries' 45nm process, AMD is delivering slight clock bumps for its dual, triple and quad-core processors while dropping prices of others. This is what AMD is launching today..." Here are some more Processor articles from around the web:
Jonathan Hung | Source: Intel Press Room | Subject: Processor
 Intel has made a mountain of money in the fourth quarter of last year. In their just released earnings report, the chipmaker has posted an astounding $2.3 billion net-income (up $2 billion year-over-year). You can read the whole report here.
While such figures will make most of our heads spin (and perhaps make some of you furious given the current economic climate), you can't argue that Intel's core product line has helped put them in this place. These figures come after it's paid $1.25 billion paid to AMD, so needless to say that Intel's 2nd quarter will look even better. This money couldn't have come soon enough with the FTC Anti-Competitive suit looming around the corner. SANTA CLARA, Calif., Jan. 14, 2010 – Intel Corporation today reported fourth-quarter revenue of $10.6 billion. The company reported operating income of $2.5 billion, net income of $2.3 billion and EPS of 40 cents. For 2009 Intel posted revenue of $35.1 billion. The company reported full-year operating income of $5.7 billion, net income of $4.4 billion and EPS of 77 cents. The company generated more than $11 billion in cash from operations and paid cash dividends of $3.1 billion. "Intel's strong 2009 results reflect our investment in industry-leading manufacturing and product innovation," said Paul Otellini, Intel president and CEO. "This strategy has enabled us to generate unprecedented operating efficiencies while growing our traditional businesses and creating exciting new market opportunities, even in difficult economic times. Our ability to weather this business cycle demonstrates that microprocessors are indispensable in our modern world. Looking forward, we plan to deliver the benefits of computing to an expanding set of products, markets and customers.
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: Madshrimps | Subject: Processor
One of the many pieces of big news around the web this week is the Clarkdale IGP, which has moved from the motherboard directly onto the CPU. Intel has hopes that this will turn around their current reputation of producing IGPs that should be avoided at all costs. The current favourite does still sit on the motherboard, as part of AMD's 785G chipset. MADSHRIMPS compares these two low cost graphics solutions to see how they perform as well as comparing the relative benefits of the two solutions.
"With the launch of Clarkdale by Intel, they have finally released a Nehalem for the masses, the Core i3 and i5 variations with integrated graphics are a direct competitor to the market segment currently held by AMD Phenom and Athlon CPUs. In this article we compare the performance of the IGP on the Intel Core i5 661 to and AMD system with 785G chipset." Here are some more Motherboard articles from around the web:
Josh Walrath | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
Today GF (GLOBALFOUNDRIES) has announced that it has finished integrating with Chartered Semiconductor, and is now the 2nd largest foundry company in the world. Since the agreement with Intel that also netted AMD $1.25 billion, GF was able to be fully divested from AMD. This allowed ATIC (GF’s parent company and primary financier) to acquire Chartered Semiconductor with the purpose of combining its two foundry entities into one global company.
Chartered was able to bring in five 200 mm wafer fabs and one 300 mm wafer fab, while GF currently has Fab 1, is building Fab 8 in New York, and is converting Fab 1b to 300 mm bulk production. Currently the company expects to offer 1.6 million 300 mm wafers starts a year, and around 2.2 million 200 mm wafer starts a year once Fab 1b is fully converted. 
In terms of process expertise, the two companies were surprisingly similar. A large part of this was due to AMD choosing Chartered to be a second source fab for AMD’s processors. As such, AMD had to get Chartered up to speed on SOI manufacturing at 65 nm. Previously Chartered was behind TSMC and UMC in terms of production capabilities and process technology. With the input from AMD, as well as technology partnerships with other manufacturers, Chartered was able to close that gap. With the combination of GF and Chartered, we can expect to see the company be able to offer a fully fleshed out lineup of manufacturing processes which will span from the cutting edge (28 nm HKMG) to older, but still productive processes (130 nm bulk). The company has seen revenues in excess of $2 billion US in 2009, and expects that to improve through the next year. A big key to increased revenues will be the 28 nm and 32 nm processes from GF. AMD will have essentially a stranglehold on 32 nm SOI/HKMG production from GF, but the 28 nm HKMG process should be among the most profitable for the company. AMD’s graphics and chipset division look to heavily leverage that process once it becomes mature enough, and other companies such as NVIDIA who require cutting edge bulk process technology are soon to follow. While TSMC is only now achieving mature yields on their bulk 40 nm process, GF should be introducing their 28 nm HKMG to 3rd party fabless semiconductor firms in the beginning of 2H 2010. 
GF recently showed off some finished 28 nm HKMG wafers at CES, and it was a bit of a surprise to those in attendance. The wafers were populated by what looked to be an actual product, rather than just test chips and SRAM cells. While GF would not comment on what the chip was, it looked to be about 500 mm squared in size, which would make it comparable in size to a 55 nm GeForce GTX 285. Showing off such a large chip essentially means that GF is getting very close to having a mature process to offer to select customers while production ramps. GF is also keeping tight lipped about their 32 nm SOI/HKMG product, which is going to be the basis for AMD’s Fusion products (Phenom II + HD 5000 level graphics on one die), and perhaps more importantly, the upcoming Bulldozer and Bobcat cores. AMD is set to sample working Bulldozer silicon to select partners in the first half of this year, and there are those hinting that working silicon has been in AMD’s labs for some weeks now. It typically takes around a year from first working silicon to volume production of a CPU, and that is if everything goes fairly smoothly. If AMD is slightly above the curve, then we can expect the first Bulldozer chips to leak out to consumers around November, 2010. With ATIC financing GF’s fab expansion, and daily operations, we can expect GF to aggressively pursue advanced technology and gaining new customers. ATIC and GF figure that if they are able to get leading edge technology well before the other foundry companies, then customers will eventually come. When combined with GF’s foundry services and APM (Advanced Process Manufacturing) software suite, customers can more fully customize their parts according to their needs, and have an active engineering force inside of GF to help them get their products off the ground. While having engineering staff on site at most foundries is common, GF is hoping to expand that relationship and allow GF’s engineers to enable a faster design process so products can get to manufacturing faster and with fewer issues. 
TSMC and UMC are obviously none too happy to see such a competitor arrive on the scene. While these foundries have close working relationships with many fabless companies around the world, it is not unheard of for these partners to jump ship when things get rough, or someone has a better product line that will fit a customer’s needs that much more closely. With GF’s agreements with the folks who license out the ARM cores, we can expect to see GF get quite a bit of work from mobile devices utilizing ARM designs. Consider as well that they may very well have a year’s lead on 28 nm bulk and 28 nm low power processes, Fab 1 could be very busy within the next year fulfilling orders.
Sunnyvale, Calif. - January 13, 2010 - GLOBALFOUNDRIES today announced it has officially integrated operations with Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing started functioning as one company under the GLOBALFOUNDRIES brand. The announcement marks the emergence of the new GLOBALFOUNDRIES-the world's first full-service semiconductor foundry with a truly global manufacturing and technology footprint across Asia, Europe and the United States.
"As the world's leading chip design companies face increasing pressure to push the boundaries of innovation, they need a full-service foundry partner with the ability to invest and sustain an aggressive leading-edge technology roadmap while offering a full breadth of services," said Doug Grose, chief executive officer of GLOBALFOUNDRIES. "Thanks to the vision of our investors and months of dedicated work by teams across the globe, we have now created a new global company that leads the foundry market in advanced technology with unparalleled proximity to our customers and access to the world's best talent." The combined company employs approximately 10,000 people around the world, anchored by headquarters in Silicon Valley and advanced manufacturing operations in Singapore; Dresden, Germany; and a new leading-edge fab under construction in Saratoga County, New York. These sites are supported by a global network of R&D, design enablement, and customer support in Singapore, China, Taiwan, Japan, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The new GLOBALFOUNDRIES immediately takes its position as one of the top semiconductor foundries in the world, with 2009 revenues to date for GLOBALFOUNDRIES and Chartered in excess of $2 billion. GLOBALFOUNDRIES launches with more than 150 customers across the semiconductor ecosystem, with plans to deepen existing relationships and to aggressively pursue new customers. Current customers include many of the world's top fabless and fab-lite companies, such as AMD, Qualcomm, STMicro and IBM. "The entire premise of the foundry business is changing," said Dan Hutcheson, CEO of VLSI Research. "Foundry customers have made it clear that they are looking for deep collaboration with their foundry partners as opposed to a contract manufacturing service. With its history as part of a top Integrated Device Manufacturer (IDM) operating at the leading edge of technology, GLOBALFOUNDRIES is well positioned to drive fundamental transformation in the foundry business model." GLOBALFOUNDRIES currently has five 200 mm fabs and one 300 mm fab in Singapore, as well as one leading-edge 300 mm fab complex in Dresden, Germany. To meet the demands of a growing customer base, the company has an aggressive capacity build-out plan, including expansion of Fab 1 in Dresden and Fab 7 in Singapore, as well as construction of a new leading-edge 300mm facility in Saratoga County, New York. The New York facility, which will be renamed as Fab 8, is on track to begin ramping initial production in 2012. With these plans in place, global leading-edge capacity is expected to expand to 1.6 million 300mm wafers annually by 2014. This will be supplemented by 2.2 million 200mm wafers annually, offering customers the full spectrum of foundry technology from mainstream to the leading edge, for a total of 5.8 million 200mm equivalents. "Until now, the world's largest fabless, fablite and integrated manufacturers have had no real alternative for an end-to-end manufacturing partner," said Chia Song Hwee, chief operating officer of GLOBALFOUNDRIES. "This new company has an incredible opportunity in front of us to not just offer an alternative, but become the preferred supplier for many of the world's top chip design companies. With advanced technology leadership, an aggressive capacity roadmap and a robust set of mainstream technologies and foundry services we are well equipped to compete and win against any other foundry in the industry." The new GLOBALFOUNDRIES brings a broad array of leading edge technology capabilities and services to market. The company is the foundry industry leader in time-to-volume on 40/45nm technology and expects to repeat this accomplishment with 32nm and "Gate First" High-K Metal Gate technology. The company embraces a collaborative R&D approach that also extends to packaging, IP solutions, and design enablement, built on what the company calls its "Virtual IDM" approach. ABOUT GLOBALFOUNDRIES GLOBALFOUNDRIES is the world's first full-service semiconductor foundry with a truly global manufacturing and technology footprint. Launched in March 2009 through a partnership between AMD [NYSE: AMD] and the Advanced Technology Investment Company (ATIC), GLOBALFOUNDRIES provides a unique combination of advanced technology, manufacturing excellence and global operations. With the integration of Chartered in January 2010, GLOBALFOUNDRIES significantly expanded its capacity and ability to provide best-in-class foundry services from mainstream to the leading edge. GLOBALFOUNDRIES is headquartered in Silicon Valley with manufacturing operations in Singapore, Germany, and a new leading-edge fab under construction in Saratoga County, New York. These sites are supported by a global network of R&D, design enablement, and customer support in Singapore, China, Taiwan, Japan, the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. For more information on GLOBALFOUNDRIES, visit www.globalfoundries.com
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: Intel Press Room | Subject: Processor
INTERNATIONAL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SHOW, Las Vegas, Jan. 7, 2010 – Intel Corporation introduced its all new 2010 Intel Core family of processors today, delivering unprecedented integration and smart performance, including Intel Turbo Boost Technology for laptops, desktops and embedded devices. The introduction of new Intel Core i7, i5 and i3 chips coincides with the arrival of Intel's groundbreaking new 32 nanometer (nm) manufacturing process – which for the first time in the company's history – will be used to immediately produce and deliver processors and features at a variety of price points, and integrate high-definition graphics inside the processor. This unprecedented ramp and innovation reflects Intel's $7 billion investment announced early last year in the midst of a major global economic recession. Intel is unveiling several platform products, including more than 25 processors, wireless adapters and chipsets, including new Intel Core i7, i5 and i3 processors, Intel 5 Series Chipsets, and Intel Centrino Wi-Fi and WiMAX adapters that include new Intel My WiFi features (see charts below). More than 400 laptop and desktop PC platform designs are expected from computer makers based on these products, with another 200 expected for embedded devices. New 2010 Intel Core processors are manufactured on the company's 32nm process, which includes Intel's second-generation high-k metal gate transistors. This technique, along with other advances, helps increase a computer's speed while decreasing energy consumption. "For the first time, there's a new family of Intel processors with the industry's most advanced technology available immediately at virtually every PC price point," said Sean Maloney, executive vice president and general manager of the Intel Architecture Group. "These smart processors adapt to an individual's needs, automatically providing a ‘boost' of performance for everyday applications. They become energy efficient to the point of shutting down processing cores or reducing power consumption to provide performance when people need it, and energy efficient when they don't." Speed Meets Intelligence
New Intel Core i7 and Core i5 processors also feature exclusive Intel Turbo Boost Technology for adaptive performance, and thus smarter computing. Intel Turbo Boost Technology automatically accelerates performance, adjusting to the workload to give users an immediate performance boost when needed. Intel Hyper-Threading Technology available in Intel Core i7, Core i5 and Core i3 processors, enables smart multi-tasking by allowing each processing core to run multiple "threads," providing amazing responsiveness and great performance, balanced with industry-leading energy efficiency when processing several tasks simultaneously. Supporting the all new 2010 Intel Core processors, the Intel 5 Series Chipset is the company's first single-chip chipset solution, evolving from simply connecting components to providing a range of platform innovation and capabilities. The Intel Core family also has power-saving techniques like one Intel calls "hurry up and get idle" or "HUGI," which enable processors to finish tasks quickly, while preserving battery life. The all new 2010 Intel Core processor family is the first to integrate graphics into mainstream PC processors. With Intel HD Graphics, the processors deliver stunning visuals and smooth high-definition (HD) video playback. It's also the industry's first integrated solution to deliver multi-channel Dolby* TrueHD and DTS* Premium Suite home theater audio. In addition, Intel HD Graphics support mainstream and casual 3-D gaming without the need for an add-in video card, and offer full support for the new Microsoft Windows* 7 operating system. Another intuitive feature available to mainstream notebook buyers includes Intel Switchable Graphics, which allows users who play very graphics-intense games to automatically switch between Intel's integrated graphics to a discrete version on the fly, without having to re-boot, for optimal battery life and performance. Beyond Laptops and Desktops – Embedded Processors
Intel also expanded the performance-per-watt platform choices for embedded by adding error correcting code memory for applications that require a higher data integrity standard. The embedded processors, together with Intel 5 Series chipsets, offer an extended, seven-year life cycle that better matches how long these devices are in the marketplace. Wireless Products, WiMAX and More
Intel offers a complete line of high-quality adapters and its integrated WiMAX/WiFi adapter supports 2.3, 2.5 and 3.5GHz WiMAX bands delivering up to 20Mbps on the go. All the adapters support Intel My WiFi Technology, which allows users to turn their laptop into a virtual hotspot and directly connect wireless devices to their laptop. Remote WiFi client management with Intel Embedded IT and Intel Active Management Technology 6.0 also helps enable remote client management for the enterprise. In addition, entry-level workstations now available based on Intel Core i5 with Intel HD graphics or an Intel Xeon 3400 series processors and the Intel 3450 Chipset give users access to a workstation platform built around the efficiency, power and reliability demanded of a professional workstation. Intel will also offer the new 2010 Intel Core processor family on Intel vPro Technology later in the quarter to help IT managers and corporations take advantage of hardware-assisted security and manageability capabilities. Video, benchmarks, photos and more are available at www.intel.com/pressroom/CES.
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: LOSTCIRCUITS | Subject: Processor
Along with the die shrink and moving the memory controller and PCI Express lanes onto a separate die, the other big move from Intel for the new Clarkdale family is to place the IGP onto that second die as well. We have learned not to use Intel's IGP for anything graphically demanding, there are far better solutions out there. For light graphical duty on a budget class PC Intel has enjoyed a lead over the competition and they hope the new iGFX chip will help them keep that market. Drop by LOSTCIRCUITS for a look at both the performance of the chip as well as a look at how this IGP can borrow cycles from the CPU.
"In the first part of this article, we covered the design of Intel's new integrated CPU + iGFX, combining a Westmere dual core die with a 3rd generation integrated graphics processor on the same package. The pinout is slightly modified compared to the Lynnfield platform, featuring one extra pin compared to the Lynnfield platform to bring the total pin count up to 1156 (to signal the presence of the graphics processor) yet maintains overall cross-compatibility with the Lynnfield platform. In this second part we are looking at the performance of Clarkdale with special emphasis on the synergism between the two separate processors, namely the borrowing of CPU cycles for graphics processing, and were it applies - or not." Here are some more Processor articles from around the web:
Jeremy Hellstrom | Source: [H]ard|OCP | Subject: Processor
Intel is jumping into the 32nm process with both feet with their new Clarkdale family. Shrinking the 45nm process Nehalem into the 32nm Westmere core is only part of the new family. They have also included a 45nm GPU into the chip and that merging of the two is what makes a Clarkdale CPU. Perhaps when the original Intel dual cores appeared, that 'gluing' together of two separate cores was practice for the process of merging two cores, one a CPU and one a GPU into a single die. [H]ard|OCP has a great look at the performance here in their review.
You should not skip Ryan's review, here at PC Perspective. "Intel fuses its new 32nm Westmere processor along with its 45nm GPU onto one package. This is Intel's new Clarkdale CPU that will be officially known as Intel Core i5-6XX and Intel Core i3-5XX series processors. Today we look at the Core i5-661 which we compare to the Core i5-750, Core i7-965, and AMD Phenom II X4." Here are some more Motherboard articles from around the web:
Jonathan Hung | Source: Intel Press Room | Subject: Processor
Today Intel is launching a whole set of processors and associated chipsets into the mainstream. Up first is the Clarkdale desktop CPU which takes on the Core i5 and Core i3 moniker to help differentiate it from the existing Core i7 Lynnfield processor released last year.
Both the Core i5 and Core i3 feature the new integrated Intel HD Graphics on the same core as the processor itself. This will have dramatic improvements in HD decode and video acceleration including Blu-Ray and Flash 10.1. The main impact of Clarkdale will be felt in the mainstream mid and low range systems where the lower CPU frequency and integrated HD Graphics will make a definite splash. Ryan takes the an in-depth look at the new Clarkdale processor and puts the Core i5-661through its paces. Read the full review here. 
"...both desktop and mobile versions of the Westmere architecture are being
released today and a total of 17 processors will hit the streets today.
This is the new desktop mainstream processor lineup for Intel going forward. All six of these processors are dual-core HyperThreaded CPUs with the same amount of cache and memory support across the board. While the Core i3 series does not support Turbo Mode and its automatic overclocking capability, the Core i5 does. ... Obviously the goal of bringing Westmere down to the mainstream segment is to finally put the Nehalem architecture at a low enough price to finally push out the need for the Core 2 line of products and maybe get in AMD's way once again with their super low cost CPUs. As the review and benchmarks progress we will see just how successful they are at this. " Continue reading the full review.
Ryan Shrout | Source: General | Subject: Processor
An interesting article over at Bright Side of News points something out to us that has been hinted at over and over again during Intel's recent processor releases: the tick-tock model that Intel has been promoting for their corporate technology strategy is falling behind. Using a recently revealed roadmap from a Chinese review site, BSN speculates that the current Nehalem and Westmere parts (Clarkdale and Arrandale are due January 7th) are going to be around well into 2011 which would make Sandy Bridge, the next "tock" more than a bit late.
As you could observe, after the i7 980X introduction in a month or two at the high end - which follows the entry level dual core Westmeres soon after you read this, there is NOTHING else in 2010. From a competitive point, this still looks fine. At the top, the i7 980X will wipe the floor with anything AMD has right now, or any stepping they may come out with, in 2010. And at the low end, the dual core highly overclockable Westmeres can hold their own against entry level quad core AMDs.
Whether this is the fault of poorer than expected yields or engineering or maybe just a complete lack of competition from AMD, the facts are that Intel's scheduling has changed quite a bit over the last two years. With AMD stumbling just as often (if not more so) on the CPU front, Intel is, unfortunately for consumers, not pushing the advancement of technology as quickly as it could. While this is bad for consumers, it is good for Intel's bottom line. They can take their time on development, perfect the process slowly rather than having to force themselves ahead for performance sake. Ugh - what's an enthusiast to do?
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
Intel's new Pine Trail platform is all over the news in the last day or so as its early release has brought about HORDES of news releases from partners announcing new netbooks and similar systems. The big draw back to Pine Trail, in my view, is that it doesn't significantly change performance for the user or offer hardware decode acceleration of HD video or Flash video. To try and convince customers that this isn't a problem Intel has been working with Broadcom to include the BCM70015 Crystal HD chip as an optional addition that adds support for H.264 video and Blu-ray decode offloading from the slow Atom processing cores.
 
Broadcom recently contacted me about their technology and left a couple of very interesting quotes that left me confused. Here is one (emphasis mine): Broadcom also today announced the BCM70015, its next-generation of the Crystal HD solution. The BCM70015, provides software support for Adobe Flash Player (v10.1), Windows Media Player (v12), as well as support for other third-party media players including both commercial and open-source. It is targeted for PC/x86 applications and supports the playback of streaming video, Blu-ray Disc, file-based content and broadcast
To the uninitiated, the Broadcom chip is essentially a piece of hardware that is built solely to speed up video decoding and could be included in any number of products, not limited to x86 systems. Intel knew that HD video was going to be a big deal (especially with NVIDIA barking up this tree constantly) so they needed a strong partner. Until I read this though, I was under the assumption that the BCM70015 had a VERY narrow focus to Blu-ray and other specifically formatted files. Ever since NVIDIA and AMD announced GPU acceleration for Adobe Flash 10.1 beta, the netbook market has been buzzing about getting the NVIDIA ION chipset (currently only functional with the previous Atom platform) in more designs. But, if the Broadcom chip does in fact accelerate the same or similar allotment of applications, it might in fact be a suitable counter to NVIDIA's solution. Is Broadcom just saying that they accelerate video in only these software applications? Or is it something slightly different than traditional hardware decoding? We have put in the question to quite a few different people at both Intel and Broadcom to see what we get back!
Broadcom's new single chip Crystal HD enhanced video accelerator enables near flawless playback of 1080p High Definition (HD) video across a wide range of systems throughout the industry. By lowering CPU utilization, power consumption, and integrating seamlessly into Microsoft Windows 7, Windows® XP and Linux environments, Broadcom Crystal HD offers cost-effective, near flawless playback of HD video giving consumers a rich multimedia experience.
Integration into popular media player software including Adobe® Flash® Player, the vast library of online HD content from popular websites is now available for enjoyment on netbooks at low a cost and without sacrificing the portability and long battery life of the netbook platform. The BCM70015 single chip Crystal HD solution provides manufacturers with a highly integrated low power, low cost solution that addresses one of the key performance challenges on netbook platforms: near seamless playback of online streaming HD video. Broadcom Crystal HD brings the advantages of high definition H.264 and VC-1 video compression to netbooks providing near flawless playback of streaming media and Blu-ray Disc®, file-based content and broadcast (and other TV sources).
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
After the early release of the Intel Pine Trail platform and Pineview processors, many Intel partners are following suit this week by announcing updated netbooks, nettops and at least one SFF-ready motherboard using the latest iteration of the Atom platform.
The ECS TIGT-I motherboard is based on the NM10 Express chipset and integrates a 1.66 GHz dual-core Atom D510 processor as well. You can see in the image below that the motherboard is easily cooled WITHOUT a fan: 
The lower power consumption of the Pine Trail platform is impressive so you should be able to build a completely silent PC using this motherboard as the core. Of course with the new Pineview processors the ECS TIGT-I motherboard includes an integrated DDR2 memory controller and the "new" Intel 3150 graphics solution directly on the CPU die.
The motherboard form factor fits into the mini-ITX specifications measuring just 170x170mm. No word on pricing or availability yet though; we'll keep you posted.
ECS Unveils Brand New Earth Friendly Atom Motherboard Offers a Purpose-built and Low-power Solution to Fulfill Home Users’ Needs.
Smaller and Faster Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 21, 2009 – Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS), the world’s leading motherboard, barebone system, and notebook manufacturer, is pleased to introduce a brand new small and powerful motherboard, ECS TIGT-I, embedding the latest Intel® dual core AtomTM processor D510 integrated memory controller and Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator 3150(GMA3150) to deliver up to 20% higher performance than ever for home users. The ECS TIGT-I motherboard features fast Ethernet, high definition audio for various internet applications and leverages integrated GMA3150 graphics core supporting DirectX 9 for popular graphics requirements. In addition, the ultra low voltage and smallest size, Mini-ITX(170x170mm) make the ECS TIGT-I motherboard an ideal solution for fan-less embedded systems, small form factor PCs and portable devices. More Powerful but Less Consumption The ECS TIGT-I motherboard is based on NM 10 Express chipsets and has a 1.66 GHz Intel® dual core AtomTM 45nm processor directly mounted on the motherboard. With the brand new 2-chip solution, the ECS TIGT-I motherboard saves 50% power but increases up to 20% performance than previous generation motherboard, besides, this motherboard is capable to keep the system quiet and stable even without any cooling fans. The low-power architecture of the processor is targeting at portable battery-operated applications such as mobile internet devices (MID), low-cost laptop PCs. In spite of the tiny dimension of the board, Mini_ITX 170x170mm, the ECS TIGT-I motherboard is well equipped Fast Ethernet port, high definition audio, 2 x SATA3.0 Gb/s, 1 x PATA, 4 x USB 2.0, 2 x DDR2 800, 1 x PCIe x1 expansion slot. The ECS TIGT-I motherboard is an excellent choice that realizes the desire for a stylish computer. For more information on ECS TIGT-I motherboard or any other ECS products, contact your local ECS sales agent today. About ECS The Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS) has been a pioneer in designing and manufacturing computer motherboards since 1987. Today, the motherboard maker also designs and manufactures desktop PCs, notebooks, servers, motherboards, video cards, wireless solutions and handheld devices for distributors worldwide. Headquartered in Taiwan with operations in North America, Europe and China, Korea and Japan, ECS also has ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified manufacturing facilities in China, Mexico and Czech Republic. For more information, please visit ECS at www.ecs.com.tw.
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
There are couple of specific passages that Ashlee Vance seems to point directly to this possibility: Measure #17: Requiring Intel to make available technology (including whatever is
necessary to interoperate with Intel’s CPUs or chipsets) to others, via
licensing or other means, upon such terms and conditions as the
Commission may order, including but not limited to extensions of terms
of current licenses.
Vance seems to think that this measure is "opening the door for Nvidia to obtain an x86 license from Intel." I don't quite follow that logic in any manner. The measure above clearly states that the FTC wants to see Intel make available technology to "interoperate" with Intel's processors; obviously this is meant to address the complaints NVIDIA has had about Intel locking them out the chipset market. 
NVIDIA CEO Jen-Hsun Huang would love nothing more than to see Intel get smacked by the FTC With the recent move to integrate the various functionality of traditional chipsets into the processor itself, this move will not immediately create a force for change. Unless the FTC plans on dictating that AMD and Intel are not allowed to do things like integrate PCI Express and graphics onto a single chip (which seems incredibly counter to the concept of improving technology), NVIDIA will still need to create a compelling option that has features that will differentiate it from Intel's on-board solutions. This is essentially what NVIDIA is doing with the upcoming ION 2 chipset and what NVIDIA would probably like to do in conjunction with the Intel Clarkdale/Arrandale launch next month. But, because of the legal dispute between the two companies, NVIDIA has been unable to produce a chipset to work with the DMI-enabled Lynnfield/Clarkdale processors. 
NVIDIA current ION platform with the Intel Atom CPU I think the goal of Measure #17 is likely to create a better atmosphere for customers by creating more options in the chipset market, but I don't think it will have any affect on the x86 processor market. There is another interesting point that Vance points to though: Measure #18: Prohibiting Intel from including or enforcing terms in its x86
licensing agreements that restrict the ability of licensees to change
ownership, to obtain investments or financing, to outsource production
of x86 microprocessors, or to otherwise partner with third parties to
expand output.
This is where the NY Times blogs things the FTC is really helping NVIDIA enter the x86 market. If you read it closely though, it is saying that Intel should not be able to dictate "change of ownership" or "outsourcing" of x86 licenses. It is definitely worded in a vague enough manner to cause concern for Intel, but it would seem to address the debate that raged between Intel and the separate AMD/GlobalFoundries partnership. That was settled in the $1.25B settlement between the two companies already. What this could create is the ability for NVIDIA to purchase VIA and legally keep its existing x86 license - something we have theorized and debated at PC Perspective for some time. 
The next question: does NVIDIA have the ability or desire to make an x86 part? Vance says it "takes about four years and close to $1 billion" to make an initial x86 processor but this seems like a very optimistic and obtuse estimate. Could you make an x86 processor in that time frame and budget? Sure. Would it be worth a damn? Uhh, questionable to say the least. Vance also points to the many Transmeta employees currently working at NVIDIA that would seem to have no other purpose than to make and/or test x86 parts. That is interesting evidence to see say the least - and the fact that NVIDIA's R&D budget has increased about 2x in two years. What would NVIDIA gain by making an x86 processor though? Ask VIA how much good it has done in the market to have a (very competent actually) x86 processor: the company continues to struggle to stay alive and compete with the various Intel offerings like the Atom and CULV lines. But then again, maybe the new rules and regulations being presented by the FTC would give these kinds of oppositions a boost. In truth, NVIDIA and Intel (and AMD) know that even though the CPU is still a vitally important part of a modern PC, the GPU is becoming more and more relevant in terms of what it can do and how valuable it is to overall processing. Just look at the world at HD video and even Adobe Flash to see those trends at work. And even though the project was a failure initially, the fact that Intel has been spending so much money and time on Larrabee proves that computing is going in a highly parallel direction. Since we know that GPU architectures have been moving in the direction of programmable design each subsequent generation, the question is whether or not the standard x86 CPU will remain as dominant and important as it is today long enough for NVIDIA to even WANT to have an x86 offering in its portfolio. Projects like NVIDIA's Tegra (that utilize licensed ARM CPU cores rather than x86 cores) might be the true direction to the company's survival. 
NVIDIA needs to tread carefully in the next few years and hope that it can fend off the battle with AMD's GPU team long enough to even consider expanding into x86 territory. And whether or not the FTC is really interested in creating that kind of environment, in my mind, is still up for debate. Thanks goes to Ashlee Vance for bringing up an interesting debate once again, if nothing else. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices have set out on a path to combine computing and graphics functions on a single piece of silicon, instead of selling two different chips to handle these functions. That’s nice for Intel and A.M.D. because they both have main (computing) chip and graphics chip expertise. Nvidia has been looking like the odd man out in this scenario, since it only makes graphics chips. As it stands today, Nvidia does not have a license to make the x86 computing chips it would need to compete against Intel and A.M.D. in this new era of hybrid products. Parse through the legalese in relief measure No. 17 and you find the F.T.C. opening the door for Nvidia to obtain an x86 license from Intel. That’s big news, since Intel had very little motivation in the past to grant Nvidia such a license. With an x86 license in hand, Nvidia could go the hybrid route as well, and the world would end up with not two but three chip powerhouses going at it for mainstream computing devices.
Ryan Shrout | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
Unlike the Intel we once knew, this iteration of the company is apparently not shy about sharing its plans for processor releases. Intel has now publicly come out and said that their next generation of budget processors, known as Clarkdale and Arrandale (for desktop and mobile platforms, respectively), are going to be released at CES on January 7th. Both processors are built on the Westmere core under a 32nm process technology and will be the first high performance CPUs to integrate graphics on the same chip.
These new processors will have two different dies - the smaller one is a dual-core HyperThreaded CPU while the larger holds the integrated memory controller and integrated graphics technology. What impact integrated graphics will have on power consumption and how much of a different moving the memory controller AWAY from the CPU by one hop will make will all be revealed in our review on January 7th.
Check out the Intel media alert if you are interested in viewing a live stream of the announcement the first day of CES.
WHEN:
Jan. 7-10, 2010 - (Opening-day Intel Corporation highlights include a "32-nanometer-minute" press conference where Intel will "exercise its Core™," and a keynote by President and CEO Paul Otellini; details below) WHERE: 2010 International Consumer Electronics Show at Las Vegas Convention Center; Intel booth at Central Hall #7153 WHAT: Press Conference Details: * A major news event at CES will be Intel Corporation's introduction of its upcoming Intel® Core™ processor family for laptop and desktop buyers, delivering such unique features as Intel® Turbo Boost Technology1 to the mainstream markets. o 7:30-8:02 a.m. Jan. 7 at the Intel booth, Central Hall #7153 o Event during pre-show hours; enter through exterior C2 Lobby WHAT ELSE: Intel's big focus will be on innovation, personal Internet and "everything computes": * Check out all-new Core notebooks, netbooks, MIDs, embedded Intel Architecture, Health Reader, WiMAX, Intel® Centrino® and more. * Get the latest on wireless Internet, 3-D, HD, Smarter Phones, TVs and other devices. * Learn about all the firsts Intel can achieve via its unique 32nm manufacturing process. * See how Intel® Turbo Boost Technology1 dynamically delivers optimal performance and energy efficiency.
Josh Walrath | Source: PC Perspective | Subject: Processor
In a move that has surprised no one, the FTC has sued Intel for anti-competitive practices this morning. It has certainly been a bittersweet year for Intel, but their December has turned into a month many INTC investors would rather forget.
The highlights of this year on the positive side for Intel are that they have the fastest CPUs on the market with the Nehalem based i5/i7 processors, their Core 2 series is still running strong in both desktops and notebooks, and Atom is helping to cement their product line in thin and lights. In the past year though, AMD has become more competitive with their 45 nm Phenom II and Athlon II products, Intel has slowly regained marketshare over its arch-nemesis by providing superior performing parts at competitive prices. The company keeps their revenue positive, even though the global economy is only now seemingly recovering from the disaster of the past 12 months. 
While AMD's "Breakfree" site has not been updated since Intel's settlement with AMD went into effect, it will be interesting to see if AMD will continue to cover Intel's current brush with the FTC. There were just as many negatives this year though. The EU fined Intel a whopping $1.45 billion for anti-competitive practices this Spring. While Intel is appealing this fine, they still had to fork over the scratch to cover the fine. AMD was able to release a whole slew of emails from partners of Intel that do not show the company in a very positive light, and really highlighted the potential illegality of Intel's rebate and co-branding programs. While the AMD trial was supposed to start next year, Intel negotiated a settlement with AMD. AMD would recieve $1.25 billion directly from Intel and a 5 year extension on the x86 license plus further cross-licensing deals. Any further issues between the two would go to mediation, and Intel has dropped its countersuit against AMD, which has allowed AMD to fully spin off GLOBALFOUNDRIES. AMD would then agree to drop its suit against Intel, and not participate in any other legal actions that may or may not be placed upon Intel. Furthermore, on the product side, Intel has recently cancelled its Larrabee product for the time being. While work is still being done on graphics, we likely will not see the fruits of several years and billions of dollars of development for this particular architecture. While Intel obviously has learned a lot here, it will not be until 2011 at the earliest before we see another high end graphics attempt by Intel. Adding insult to injury, NVIDIA has also leveled charges against Intel that it has used unfair business practices to stifle competition from "Little Green", especially in terms of chipsets for current high end Intel CPUs. Intel has faced similar suits in Korea and Japan, and have paid fines in those cases. The FTC is sorta the big daddy of them all in these cases. Plus since Intel originated and is headquartered in the US, this suit could have a significant monetary and regulatory impact on Intel's operations. Intel also still faces charges from New York's Attorney General about its anti-competitive practices. That particular venue will be exceptionally tough on Intel, as GLOBALFOUNDRIES is investing billions into building up to three mega-fabs in the Luther Forest region of New York. So far Intel has not responded to this action by the FTC, but we can expect a statement later today. Things do not look good for Intel, but certainly the company will not be broken up like Standard Oil or Mountain Bell. Intel will survive, and they will continue to be a driving force in the semiconductor industry, but they will continue to be under intense scrutiny over their business practices. The ball that started rolling in Japan and Korea earlier this decade, further snowballed into AMD taking Intel to court, and then gained significant momentum when the EU found Intel guilty of anti-competitive practices. The FTC really does appear to be behind the curve in their actions, but these types of charges are not thrown around willy-nilly. While it appears that the final verdict will likely find Intel guilty, the question foremost in all of our minds would be the penalties that Intel will face. While I am a fan of more or less free market philosophies, oversight and regulation in these matters do benefit consumers far more than free market pressures. Because the cost of getting into the processor market is so incredibly high, there would be no significant competition for Intel if they were to bury AMD. And that would be very bad for us all. Further Reading: Want more news? Check out our Archive |
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